代码路径分析详情
ESLint 的规则可以使用代码路径。代码路径是程序的执行路线。它在诸如 `if` 语句处分叉/合并。
if (a && b) {
foo();
}
bar();
对象
程序用多个代码路径表示。代码路径用两种类型的对象表示:`CodePath` 和 `CodePathSegment`。
CodePath
`CodePath` 表示一条完整代码路径。此对象存在于每个函数和全局范围内。它包含代码路径的初始段和最终段的引用。
`CodePath` 具有以下属性
id
(`string`) - 一个唯一的字符串。相应的规则可以使用 `id` 为每个代码路径保存其他信息。origin
(`string`) - 代码路径启动的原因。可能是 `“program”`、`“function”`、`“class-field-initializer”` 或 `“class-static-block”`。initialSegment
(`CodePathSegment`) - 此代码路径的初始段。finalSegments
(`CodePathSegment[]`) - 最终段,包括返回和抛出。returnedSegments
(`CodePathSegment[]`) - 最终段,仅包括返回。thrownSegments
(`CodePathSegment[]`) - 最终段,仅包括抛出。upper
(`CodePath|null`) - 上层函数/全局作用域的代码路径。childCodePaths
(`CodePath[]`) - 此代码路径包含的函数的代码路径。
CodePathSegment
`CodePathSegment` 是代码路径的一部分。代码路径由多个 `CodePathSegment` 对象表示,类似于双向链表。与双向链表的不同之处在于存在分叉和合并(next/prev 是复数)。
`CodePathSegment` 具有以下属性
id
(`string`) - 一个唯一的字符串。相应的规则可以使用 `id` 为每个段保存其他信息。nextSegments
(`CodePathSegment[]`) - 下一段。如果分叉,则有两个或多个。如果是最终段,则没有。prevSegments
(`CodePathSegment[]`) - 前一段。如果合并,则有两个或多个。如果是初始段,则没有。reachable
(`boolean`) - 一个标志,指示该段是否可达。当前面有 `return`、`throw`、`break` 或 `continue` 时,它将变为 `false`。
事件
有七个与代码路径相关的事件,您可以通过在规则的 `create()` 方法导出的对象中添加它们以及节点访问器来定义事件处理程序。
module.exports = {
meta: {
// ...
},
create(context) {
return {
/**
* This is called at the start of analyzing a code path.
* In this time, the code path object has only the initial segment.
*
* @param {CodePath} codePath - The new code path.
* @param {ASTNode} node - The current node.
* @returns {void}
*/
onCodePathStart(codePath, node) {
// do something with codePath
},
/**
* This is called at the end of analyzing a code path.
* In this time, the code path object is complete.
*
* @param {CodePath} codePath - The completed code path.
* @param {ASTNode} node - The current node.
* @returns {void}
*/
onCodePathEnd(codePath, node) {
// do something with codePath
},
/**
* This is called when a reachable code path segment was created.
* It meant the code path is forked or merged.
* In this time, the segment has the previous segments and has been
* judged reachable or not.
*
* @param {CodePathSegment} segment - The new code path segment.
* @param {ASTNode} node - The current node.
* @returns {void}
*/
onCodePathSegmentStart(segment, node) {
// do something with segment
},
/**
* This is called when a reachable code path segment was left.
* In this time, the segment does not have the next segments yet.
*
* @param {CodePathSegment} segment - The left code path segment.
* @param {ASTNode} node - The current node.
* @returns {void}
*/
onCodePathSegmentEnd(segment, node) {
// do something with segment
},
/**
* This is called when an unreachable code path segment was created.
* It meant the code path is forked or merged.
* In this time, the segment has the previous segments and has been
* judged reachable or not.
*
* @param {CodePathSegment} segment - The new code path segment.
* @param {ASTNode} node - The current node.
* @returns {void}
*/
onUnreachableCodePathSegmentStart(segment, node) {
// do something with segment
},
/**
* This is called when an unreachable code path segment was left.
* In this time, the segment does not have the next segments yet.
*
* @param {CodePathSegment} segment - The left code path segment.
* @param {ASTNode} node - The current node.
* @returns {void}
*/
onUnreachableCodePathSegmentEnd(segment, node) {
// do something with segment
},
/**
* This is called when a code path segment was looped.
* Usually segments have each previous segments when created,
* but when looped, a segment is added as a new previous segment into a
* existing segment.
*
* @param {CodePathSegment} fromSegment - A code path segment of source.
* @param {CodePathSegment} toSegment - A code path segment of destination.
* @param {ASTNode} node - The current node.
* @returns {void}
*/
onCodePathSegmentLoop(fromSegment, toSegment, node) {
// do something with segment
}
};
}
}
关于 `onCodePathSegmentLoop`
当下一段已经存在时,此事件总是被触发。这个时间点主要是循环的结束。
例如 1
while (a) {
a = foo();
}
bar();
- 首先,分析推进到循环的末尾。
- 其次,它创建循环路径。此时,下一段已经存在,因此不会触发 `onCodePathSegmentStart` 事件。它会触发 `onCodePathSegmentLoop`。
- 最后,它推进到末尾。
例如 2
for (let i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
foo(i);
}
bar();
- `for` 语句比较复杂。首先,分析推进到 `ForStatement.update`。`update` 段首先被悬停。
- 其次,它推进到 `ForStatement.body`。当然,`body` 段由 `test` 段之前置。它保持 `update` 段悬停。
- 第三,它从 `body` 段到 `update` 段创建循环路径。此时,下一段已经存在,因此不会触发 `onCodePathSegmentStart` 事件。它会触发 `onCodePathSegmentLoop`。
- 第四,它还从 `update` 段到 `test` 段创建循环路径。此时,下一段已经存在,因此不会触发 `onCodePathSegmentStart` 事件。它会触发 `onCodePathSegmentLoop`。
- 最后,它推进到末尾。
使用示例
跟踪当前段位置
要跟踪当前代码路径段位置,您可以定义如下规则
module.exports = {
meta: {
// ...
},
create(context) {
// tracks the code path we are currently in
let currentCodePath;
// tracks the segments we've traversed in the current code path
let currentSegments;
// tracks all current segments for all open paths
const allCurrentSegments = [];
return {
onCodePathStart(codePath) {
currentCodePath = codePath;
allCurrentSegments.push(currentSegments);
currentSegments = new Set();
},
onCodePathEnd(codePath) {
currentCodePath = codePath.upper;
currentSegments = allCurrentSegments.pop();
},
onCodePathSegmentStart(segment) {
currentSegments.add(segment);
},
onCodePathSegmentEnd(segment) {
currentSegments.delete(segment);
},
onUnreachableCodePathSegmentStart(segment) {
currentSegments.add(segment);
},
onUnreachableCodePathSegmentEnd(segment) {
currentSegments.delete(segment);
}
};
}
};
在此示例中,`currentCodePath` 变量用于访问当前正在遍历的代码路径,`currentSegments` 变量跟踪到目前为止已遍历的该代码路径中的段。请注意,`currentSegments` 都是以空集开始和结束,在遍历过程中不断更新。
跟踪当前段位置有助于分析导致特定节点的代码路径,如下一个示例所示。
查找不可达节点
要查找不可达节点,请跟踪当前段位置,然后使用节点访问器检查任何段是否可达。例如,以下代码查找任何不可达的 `ExpressionStatement`。
function areAnySegmentsReachable(segments) {
for (const segment of segments) {
if (segment.reachable) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
module.exports = {
meta: {
// ...
},
create(context) {
// tracks the code path we are currently in
let currentCodePath;
// tracks the segments we've traversed in the current code path
let currentSegments;
// tracks all current segments for all open paths
const allCurrentSegments = [];
return {
onCodePathStart(codePath) {
currentCodePath = codePath;
allCurrentSegments.push(currentSegments);
currentSegments = new Set();
},
onCodePathEnd(codePath) {
currentCodePath = codePath.upper;
currentSegments = allCurrentSegments.pop();
},
onCodePathSegmentStart(segment) {
currentSegments.add(segment);
},
onCodePathSegmentEnd(segment) {
currentSegments.delete(segment);
},
onUnreachableCodePathSegmentStart(segment) {
currentSegments.add(segment);
},
onUnreachableCodePathSegmentEnd(segment) {
currentSegments.delete(segment);
},
ExpressionStatement(node) {
// check all the code path segments that led to this node
if (!areAnySegmentsReachable(currentSegments)) {
context.report({ message: "Unreachable!", node });
}
}
};
}
};
另请参阅:no-unreachable、no-fallthrough、consistent-return
检查函数是否在每条路径中都被调用
此示例检查参数 `cb` 是否在每条路径中都被调用。`CodePath` 和 `CodePathSegment` 的实例被共享到每个规则。因此,规则不得修改这些实例。请改用信息映射。
function hasCb(node, context) {
if (node.type.indexOf("Function") !== -1) {
const sourceCode = context.sourceCode;
return sourceCode.getDeclaredVariables(node).some(function(v) {
return v.type === "Parameter" && v.name === "cb";
});
}
return false;
}
function isCbCalled(info) {
return info.cbCalled;
}
module.exports = {
meta: {
// ...
},
create(context) {
let funcInfo;
const funcInfoStack = [];
const segmentInfoMap = Object.create(null);
return {
// Checks `cb`.
onCodePathStart(codePath, node) {
funcInfoStack.push(funcInfo);
funcInfo = {
codePath: codePath,
hasCb: hasCb(node, context),
currentSegments: new Set()
};
},
onCodePathEnd(codePath, node) {
funcInfo = funcInfoStack.pop();
// Checks `cb` was called in every paths.
const cbCalled = codePath.finalSegments.every(function(segment) {
const info = segmentInfoMap[segment.id];
return info.cbCalled;
});
if (!cbCalled) {
context.report({
message: "`cb` should be called in every path.",
node: node
});
}
},
// Manages state of code paths and tracks traversed segments
onCodePathSegmentStart(segment) {
funcInfo.currentSegments.add(segment);
// Ignores if `cb` doesn't exist.
if (!funcInfo.hasCb) {
return;
}
// Initialize state of this path.
const info = segmentInfoMap[segment.id] = {
cbCalled: false
};
// If there are the previous paths, merges state.
// Checks `cb` was called in every previous path.
if (segment.prevSegments.length > 0) {
info.cbCalled = segment.prevSegments.every(isCbCalled);
}
},
// Tracks unreachable segment traversal
onUnreachableCodePathSegmentStart(segment) {
funcInfo.currentSegments.add(segment);
},
// Tracks reachable segment traversal
onCodePathSegmentEnd(segment) {
funcInfo.currentSegments.delete(segment);
},
// Tracks unreachable segment traversal
onUnreachableCodePathSegmentEnd(segment) {
funcInfo.currentSegments.delete(segment);
},
// Checks reachable or not.
CallExpression(node) {
// Ignores if `cb` doesn't exist.
if (!funcInfo.hasCb) {
return;
}
// Sets marks that `cb` was called.
const callee = node.callee;
if (callee.type === "Identifier" && callee.name === "cb") {
funcInfo.currentSegments.forEach(segment => {
const info = segmentInfoMap[segment.id];
info.cbCalled = true;
});
}
}
};
}
};
另请参阅:constructor-super、no-this-before-super
代码路径示例
Hello World
console.log("Hello world!");
IfStatement
if (a) {
foo();
} else {
bar();
}
IfStatement
(链式)
if (a) {
foo();
} else if (b) {
bar();
} else if (c) {
hoge();
}
SwitchStatement
switch (a) {
case 0:
foo();
break;
case 1:
case 2:
bar();
// fallthrough
case 3:
hoge();
break;
}
SwitchStatement
(具有 `default`)
switch (a) {
case 0:
foo();
break;
case 1:
case 2:
bar();
// fallthrough
case 3:
hoge();
break;
default:
fuga();
break;
}
TryStatement
(try-catch)
try {
foo();
if (a) {
throw new Error();
}
bar();
} catch (err) {
hoge(err);
}
last();
它在以下位置创建从 `try` 块到 `catch` 块的路径:
- `throw` 语句。
- `try` 块中的第一个可抛出节点(例如,函数调用)。
- `try` 块的末尾。
TryStatement
(try-finally)
try {
foo();
bar();
} finally {
fuga();
}
last();
如果没有 `catch` 块,`finally` 块有两个当前段。此时,当运行前面的查找不可达节点的示例时,`currentSegments.length` 为 `2`。一个是正常路径,另一个是离开路径(`throw` 或 `return`)。
TryStatement
(try-catch-finally)
try {
foo();
bar();
} catch (err) {
hoge(err);
} finally {
fuga();
}
last();
WhileStatement
while (a) {
foo();
if (b) {
continue;
}
bar();
}
DoWhileStatement
do {
foo();
bar();
} while (a);
ForStatement
for (let i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
foo();
if (b) {
break;
}
bar();
}
ForStatement
(无限循环)
for (;;) {
foo();
}
bar();
ForInStatement
for (let key in obj) {
foo(key);
}
当存在函数时
function foo(a) {
if (a) {
return;
}
bar();
}
foo(false);
它创建两个代码路径。
- 全局的
- 函数的